Friday, November 23, 2012

Starbucks' Use of the Principles of Design



In order to be a relevant company, it is imperative to have a well designed website and a strong online presence. It is important to focus on the design of any website because good design creates order and gives readers a way to know where they can find the information they are looking for. 

As Johnson-Sheehan discusses in Technical Communication Today, there are five main principles of design. They are balance, alignment, grouping, consistency and contrast. It is also becoming more and more important to be aware of cross-cultural design as to not alienate visitors to the website from different cultures.

Balance

Balance does not mean symmetrical, it means that there is equal weight on the left and right as well as the top and bottom of the screen. Some examples of weight are that pictures and graphics hold more weight than text and color items hold more weight than black and white. Also, items on the right side of a screen weight more than those on the left side.
 On Starbucks’ home page, there is a banner across the top with a large graphic directly underneath it that is aligned to the left. On the right, next to it, are four smaller graphics that balance the large one out and create a sense of balance between the images. They can be clicked on to change the main large image to a different one.


The banner across the top of the website has six main categories relating to the company and each one has a drop down menu that has links to more specific pages. 

There is a similar banner that runs along the bottom, which is made up with links of all text and no graphics. It feels mostly balanced because the text, which is all the same size, has nothing to compete with that would make it unbalanced.


Starbucks’ social media sites are all set up with the typical platform template (i.e. Facebook banner with the wall underneath, Twitter page with the icon on the top left and Twitter feed to the right, etc.). Most of the design principles are decided for the company by the social media platform being used.

Alignment

All the fonts and photos on Starbucks website are aligned to the left. The site tends to follow the pattern of a photo or video on top of the text that corresponds to it. Some pages have graphics or links in the margin on the right side of the screen, but all the text and photos are still aligned left in the spaces they are in.

There are certain pages of the website that do feel unbalanced because of the constant left alignment. There tends to be a lot of empty, white space on the right side of pages because all the text and graphics fall on the left side. 







Grouping

“Items on a page that are near each other will be seen as a unit” (Johnson-Sheehan, 493). Starbucks does a great job with grouping on their website. Their top banner has six headings which each have drop-down menus with pages relating to the main headings category. For example, the first heading says coffee. When you hover over that heading, a drop-down comes down with links to all the types of coffee and coffee brewing systems they have.



Images are placed usually above the corresponding text on most of the pages of Starbucks website. Large level one and two headings are placed above smaller text to show that the text is grouped with the heading above it. There is a page to browse topics about the company where a heading is followed by smaller, bold links so the visitor knows which group the links belong to.




The website does not use many borders, but there are rules that divide some of the sections so the groups are easier to distinguish. They tend to be used between blog posts or to break up space between the end of a post and user comments below it. There is also a rule at the bottom of each page to differentiate between the bottom of the page and the top of the banner that runs along the bottom of every page on the website. 



Consistency

Design features are used consistently throughout Starbucks website. As I mentioned before, the website is consistently aligned to the left of the page. The same top and bottom banners are on each page. The font is the same throughout as well and the typeface is all sans serif. It is easy to distinguish between headings and regular text because the headings are all in bold and larger than the actual text. On some pages the headings are bold and green, and other pages are bold and black.


Color is used consistently on the website also. The logo is dark green and white, and each page has both of these colors. The website text is almost always in black, making it easy to read. On Starbucks social media sites, the logo and the colors are consistent also. Their logo is the profile picture for all of their social networking sites, which creates a sense of uniformity between their stores, website and all social networking platforms.



Contrast

“Contrast makes items look distinct and different, adding energy and sharpening boundaries among the features on the page or screen” (Johnson-Sheehan, 505). It is easy to tell the difference between the top drop down menu and the bottom banner and the rest of the website because the background is dark and the text is light, whereas on the rest of the website, the text is dark on a light background.

Headings are larger, bold, and sometimes green to contrast against the smaller page text so those viewing the website understand the heading and the text are different. The length of lines never goes more than half the page, so it is easy to read but not too short to annoy readers with the need for quick back and forth eye movements. When there is font or graphics on the right side of the page, the lines are shorter so the reader knows it is a short piece of information. 

Cross-Cultural Design

Starbucks is at an advantage as a global corporation at having cross-cultural design. While their main American website does not have much in terms of cross-cultural design aspects, there are sub-websites for the other countries Starbucks is in. Most of the sites have generally the same layout, which helps with consistency, but are in different languages. Some exceptions are counties in the Eastern hemisphere such as Japan, Russia and Australia.






Conclusion

Overall, Starbucks website follows the main principles of design. Most of the pages are balanced well and they are consistently aligned to the left. Images and text that should be grouped together are. The contrast of text and background colors makes the pages easy to read and pleasing to the eye. The colors, fonts and logos are consistently used not only on their website, but on their social networking sites as well and the use of country-specific websites helps eliminate the problems caused by cross-cultural design differences.

Having a visually appealing and well designed website is important to help a company build a strong online presence. Starbucks has accomplished this by being compliant with the main principles of design. 


Works Cited
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard. Technical Communication Today. N.p.: Longman Pub Group, 2011. Print.

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